Founded in the late 1990s by Tool frontman Maynard James Keenan and guitar tech Billy Howerdel, A Perfect Circle takes the former group's brooding sonic template and lightens the heavy, prog-rock load with more melodic arrangements and varied instrumentation. Although APC originally began as a side-project, the success of the band's debut, MER DE NOMS, led to a follow-up, the gloomy THIRTEENTH STEP. Between the first and second albums, APC's line-up shifted, resulting in the addition of bassist Jeordie White (A.K.A. Twiggy Ramirez of Marilyn Manson) and former Smashing Pumpkins guitarist James Iha.

















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